Surveillance on pinworm infection among rural children in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the status of pinworm infection in rural children aged 3-9 years in Anhui Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of pinworm disease.@*Methods@#According to the National Surveillance Program of Liver Fluke Disease and Soil Transmitted Nematodiasis(Trial), no less than 10% counties(cities and districts) in Anhui Province were selected as mobile surveillance sites every year. Each surveillance site was divided into 5 areas on the basis of geographical location(east, west, south, north and middle), from each of the areas, one administrative village was selected from one township(town, community) for conducting surveillance. Children at age 3-9 years from each site were examined for pinworm infection with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the adhesive cellophane tape perianal swab method. Chi square test was used to compare the infection rate.@*Results@#From 2017 to 2021, the 5 year average infection rate of pinworm in rural Anhui was 1.34%(128/9 557), and there was no significant difference in the infection rate over the years( P >0.05). The detection rates of the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and the adhesive cellophane tape perianal swab method were 0.28% and 1.23%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=72.97, P <0.01). In different regions, the 5 year average infection rate of Fuyang City was the highest(4.27%), and the rate of each city was positively correlated with the number of local resident population( r =0.54, P <0.05). There was no significant sex difference in the 5 year average infection rates( P >0.05). The 5 year average infection rate of children aged 3 to 9 years in rural areas were 0.62%, 1.10%, 1.44%, 1.57%, 0.94%, 2.09% and 1.57%, respectively, showed an increasing trend with the increase of age( χ 2=14.41, χ 2 trend =6.70, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the average infection rate between scattered children and collectively living children( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#From 2017 to 2021, the infection rate of pinworm among children in rural Anhui province remains at a low level. In the future, health education and monitoring should be strengthened.

Investigation on outbreaks of acute respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus in kindergartens in Hangzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#In order to analyze the characteristics of the outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection in children caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).@*Methods@#The field epidemiological investigations were conducted for the two outbreaks in kindergartens in Hangzhou. Data were analyzed by descriptive method. Samples with positive respiratory syncytial virus nucleic acid were sequenced using PCR.@*Results@#The two outbreaks occurred in kindergartens. There were 21 cases in kindergarten A, lasting 11 days, and 43 cases in kindergarten B, lasting 33 days. The epidemic curve showed a proliferation pattern. The cases were concentrated in nurseries and K1 classes, primarily among children aged 2-4 years. The most common symptoms were fever and cough, mainly upper respiratory tract infection, and no severe cases were found. Upper respiratory tract samples were collected and detected as positive for RSV. Four samples were sequenced and identified as subgroup B.@*Conclusion@#During the outbreak of acute respiratory infection in kindergartens, respiratory syncytial virus should be given primary consideration in the process of identification of the outbreak caused by other respiratory infections, and strictly control measures should be taken to reduce the long term impact of the epidemic.

Application of Next-Generation Sequencing in Screening of Thalassemia Gene in 11212 Pregnant Women in Suxian and Beihu Districts of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the carrying rate, gene mutation frequency and composition ratio of thalassemia in pregnant women in Suxian and Beihu districts of Chenzhou, Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#Thalassemia gene in 11 212 samples was analyzed by using Next-Generation Sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Among the 11 212 samples, 938 were diagnosed as thalassemia, in which 618 (5.51%) were diagnosed as α-thalassemia, 268 (2.39%) as β-thalassemia, 29（0.26%）as abnormal hemoglobin and 23 (0.21%) as αβ-thalassemia. The gene mutations of --SEA /αα(40.29%) and -α3.7/αα(37.7%) in α-thalassemia were the most common, while for β- thalassemia, the most commonly gene mutation were β41-42M/βN(24.26%) and β654M/βN(23.88%). The detection rate of rare type α,β-thalassemia gene was 0.19%(21/11 212）, 0.53%（59/11 212）, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The carrying rate of thalassemia in pregnant women is 8.37% in Suxian and Beihu districts of Chenzhou city, and the genotypes are complex. Next-Generation Sequencing can detect rare thalassemia genes and new gene mutations effectively.

Analysis of the survival time in 302 elderly patients with esophageal cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To explore the possible factors which influence the survival time of elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with esophageal cancer treated in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province Tumor Hospital from January 2012 to October 2016. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate and analyze the single factor, survival curve with log-rank test. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis． Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 302 patients were eventually collected, including 231 males and 71 females, with an average age of 66.0±6.0 years. The univariate analysis showed that age, tumor stage, tumor site, Karnosfsky performance satus (KPS) score, and treatment were prognostic factors (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the patient age and treatment were independent factors for overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) (P<0.05). The OS and PFS of the patients with age≤70 years were better than those of the patients more than 70 years. Chemotherapy alone and surgery alone was better for survival situation than radiotherapy alone. Conclusion Age and treatment are independent prognostic factors in survival time of the elderly patients with esophageal cancer.

Application of micro-lecture in construction of immunologic technology course / 中国免疫学杂志

Currently,the quick development of information technology is enriching the traditional teaching.As a new form of teaching resource,a micro-lecture focused on a specific topic is a good combination of information technology and traditional teaching.It not only increases the vividness and visualization of teaching,but also boosts the learning interest of students in the course.What's more,it helps to show an integral time-consuming experiment in 5-10 minutes'micro-vedio,which broadens the contents of the course and offers convenience of self-teaching for students.In this article,we took the example of micro-lecture"Western blot"in the course of immunologic technology to post-graduates in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to clarify the advantages and the procedures of a typical micro-lecture,and to discuss about it.The experience achieved from the construction of this micro-lecture may offer a new idea of modern information education reform.

Sexual dimorphism in histological structure of normal rat stomach / Dimorfismo sexual en la estructura histológica del estómago normal de la rata

Fifty male and fifty female Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly chosen and used to study the sexual dimorphisms of stomachic histological structures. The rat stomach consisted of the nonglandular part and the glandular part. The gender differences of the nonglandular part existed in the thicknesses of the stratified squamous epithelium and the longitudinal muscle. These findings revealed that the male rat stomach may storage more foods than the female. The gastric glands occupied all the lamina propria in the glandular part. The thicknesses of the gastric glands of the female and male rat were 525.0 ± 95.9 µm and 472.0 ± 158.7 µm respectively, and the difference was very significant (p<0.01). The gastric glands could be divided to two layers in the HE stain, i.e. the luminal and the basal layers. The thicknesses of the luminal layer of the female and male rat were 289.7 ± 95.9 µm and 300.0 ± 120.7 µm respectively, and the difference was insignificant (p>0.05). On the contrary, the thicknesses of the basal layer and the three muscle layers in the female glandular part were all thicker than those in male, and the differences were very significant (P<0.01). These findings indicated that the female rat stomachs may have a more powerful digestive ability than the male ones. The nucleus-glandular index of the gastric gland of the normal female and male rat were 0.19 ± 0.05 and 0.18 ± 0.04 respectively, and the difference was insignificant (p>0.05).

Se seleccionaron al azar 100 ratas Sprague-Dawley, 50 de sexo masculino y 50 de sexo femenino, para estudiar los dimorfismos sexuales de las estructuras histológicas del estómago. El estómago de la rata consiste de una parte no glandular y de una parte glandular. Existen diferencias de género en la parte no glandular en relación al espesor del epitelio escamoso estratificado y del músculo longitudinal. Estos hallazgos revelaron que el estómago de las ratas masculinas puede almacenar más alimentos que las hembras. Las glándulas gástricas ocuparon toda la lámina propia de la parte glandular. Los espesores de las glándulas gástricas de la rata hembra y macho fueron 525,0±95,9 mm y 472,0±158,7 mm, respectivamente, y la diferencia fue muy significativa (p <0,01). En la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (H-E) se visualiza la división de las glándulas gástricas en dos capas, es decir, en las capas luminal y basal. Los espesores de la capa luminal de la rata hembra y macho fueron 289,7±95,9 mm y 300,0±120,7 mm, respectivamente, y la diferencia fue no significativa (p> 0,05). Por el contrario, los espesores de la capa basal y las tres capas musculares en la parte glandular fueron más gruesos en las ratas hembras y las diferencias fueron muy significativas (p <0,01). Estos hallazgos indicaron que los estómagos femeninos de rata pueden tener una capacidad digestiva más potente que los masculinos. El índice núcleo-glandular de la glándula gástrica de la rata normal femenina y masculina fue 0,19±0,05 y 0,18±0,04 respectivamente, y la diferencia fue no significativa (p> 0,05).

Histological study of the oesophagus and stomach in grey-backed shrike (Lanius tephronotus) / Estudio histológico de esófago y estómago del alcaudón (Lanius tephronotus)

The microstructure of oesophagus and stomach in grey-backed shrike were examined by means of light microscopy. The results showed that the oesophagus glands were mucous glands, the shedding glandular cells and the mucin from the oesophagus glands secreted to the lumen. The number of the glands in the thoracic part was less than that of in the cervical part. The lumens of the glands showed an intense positive periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue reaction. There were two types of glands in the lamina propria. The simple tubular glands were located in the superficial lamella of the lamina propria, while compound tubular glands were located in the deep lamella. The epithelium was lined by a layer of cuticle in the intermediate zone between the proventriculus and gizzard. The surface of gizzard possessed a rough thick cuticle, which was made up of the Alcian blue-positive horizontal matrix and the periodic acid-Schiff-positive vertical rods.

La microestructura del esófago y el estómago del alcaudón gris fueron examinados mediante microscopía de luz. Los resultados mostraron que las glándulas del esófago eran glándulas mucosas, y que las células glandulares de descamación y la mucina de las glándulas del esófago eran secretadas al lumen. El número de glándulas en la porción torácica del esófago fue menor que en la porción cervical. Las aberturas de las glándulas mostraron una reacción positiva intensa al PAS y azul de Alcián. Se encontraron dos tipos de glándulas en la lámina propia. Las glándulas tubulares simples se localizaron en la lámina superficial de la lámina propia, mientras que las glándulas tubulares compuestas se hallaron en la lámina de profundidad. El epitelio se encontró revestido por una capa cuticular en la zona intermedia entre el proventrículo y la molleja. La superficie de la molleja presentó una cutícula gruesa, demostrada por una matriz horizontal positivo para azul de Alcian y varillas verticales positivas para el PAS.

The mass spectrometry analysis of serum biomarker 32 kD protein in first episode-schizophrenia / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To analyze the constituent of the 32 kD protein band and its expression in schizophrenia se?rum. Methods Sixty schizophrenia patients and 58 health controls were recruited. The serum samples were collected and precipitated with 7%PEG. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to ob?tain the abnormal 32 kD proteins band in patients. This protein band was cut and then analyzed using mass spectrometric technique. Results The 32 kD protein band was present in 38 schizophrenia patients but not in control and positive rate was 63.33%. The mass spectrometric analysis showed that 32 kD protein band contained 14 proteins ranging from 30 kD to 35 kD, including 6 high-frequency proteins (cDNA coded protein 1 and 2, Apolin protein A-1, Isoform 2 of ficolin-2, Complement factor H and clusterin) and 8 low-frequency proteins (IgG H chain, zinc-alphg-2-glycoprotein, fermitin,family apolin protein L-1, isoform 10 of collectin-1, purine nucleoside, anne xin and cDNA coded protein 3). Three cD?NA coded unknown proteins were highly similar to complement C4-B, β2-glycoprotein and erythrocyte band 7 integral membrane protein. Conclusion There is a unknown specific 32 kD protein that is consisted mainly of fourteen proteins in serum of schizophrenia.

A morphometric study on the skull of donkey (Equus asinus) / Estudio morfométrico del cráneo del burro (Equus asinus)

The present study was carried out on a number of 16 skulls of adult male domestic donkeys. Craniometric measurements for 40 different parts of the skulls were made. All investigated features were expressed as Mean±SD. Cephalic indices and ratios were calculated by using the investigated features. The craniometric measurements and cephalic indices had been compared with those of local horses and ponies. A skull length of 443.07±53.57 mm and a maximum zygomatic width of 169.09±17.64 mm were obtained. The size of donkey skull was between those of local horses and ponies. A skull index of 38.23±0.85, a cranial index of 45.01±2.83 and a facial index of 67.80±3.79 were obtained. Cranial index and skull index were found to be close in value to that of local horses and ponies. The results of this study revealed that donkey had a longer nose than local horse and pony, and the difference of skull length in the three species accounted for the facial length difference.

Se realizó un estudio sobre una serie de 16 cráneos pertenecientes a burros domésticos adultos, de sexo masculino. Se hicieron mediciones craneométricas en 40 partes diferentes de las muestras. Todas las características investigadas se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar, calculándose índices y proporciones cefálicas. Se compararon las mediciones craneométricas e índices cefálicos con los de caballos y ponis de la zona. La longitud del cráneo obtenida fue de 443,07±53,57 mm, con una anchura máxima del hueso cigomático de 169,09±17,64 mm. El tamaño del cráneo del burro se ubicó entre el de los caballos y los ponis locales. Se obtuvo un índice de cráneo de 38,23±0,85, un índice craneal de 45,01±2,83 y un índice facial de 67,80±3,79. Los índices craneal y de cráneo encontrados fueron cercanos a los valores correspondientes a los caballos y ponis locales. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que el burro tenía una nariz más larga que el caballo y el poni. Además, la diferencia en longitud del cráneo en las tres especies representa la diferencia de longitud facial.

Histological observation of the stomach of the yellow-billed grosbeak / Observación histológica del estómago del pepitero de cola negra

The stomachs of the yellow-billed grosbeaks were examined by means of light microscopy. The mucous membrane of the proventriculus presented many folds and sulci. The sulci were lined by simple columnar cells with basal nuclei and clear acidophilic cytoplasm. The proventriculus glands were constituted by many round or elliptical glandular lobules. The sulci and the collecting duct of compound tubular glands showed an intense positive reaction in PAS and AB stain. The gizzard was characterized by an internal abrasion-resistant lining cuticle and a thick muscular layer. The cuticle, gizzard glands and muscular layer in two sides were thicker than those in the cranial and caudal.

Los estómagos del Pepitero de cola negra fueron examinados mediante microscopía óptica. La membrana mucosa del proventrículo presentó muchos pliegues y surcos. Los surcos estaban revestidos por células columnares simples con núcleos basales y un citoplasma claro acidófilo. Las glándulas proventriculares estaban constituidos por abundantes lóbulos glandulares redondos o elípticos. Los surcos y conductos colectores de las glándulas tubulares compuestas mostraron una reacción positiva e intensa a las tinciones de PAS y AB. La molleja estomacal se caracterizó por una cutícula de revestimiento resistente a la abrasión interna y una capa muscular gruesa. La cutícula, glándulas de la molleja y capa muscular en ambos lados eran más gruesas que en la craneal y caudal.

Craniometrical studies on the skull of Tibetan gazelle (Procapra Picticaudata) / Estudios craneométricos en el cráneo de la gacela del Tibet (Procapra Picticaudata)

A total of 10 skulls of Tibetan gazelle were utilized in this study. Craniometric measurements for 22 different parts of the skull were made. Skull indices and ratios were calculated. A skull index of 43.22+/-0.44, a cranial index of 58.37+/-0.80 and a facial index of 116.37+/-1.24 were obtained.

Un total de 10 cráneos de gacela tibetana se utilizaron en este estudio. Mediciones craniométricos para 22 diferentes partes de los cráneos fueron realizadas. Los índices craneales y sus razones fueron calculadas. Un índice de cráneo de 43,22 +/- 0,44, un índice craneal de 58,37 +/- 0,80 y un índice facial de 116,37 +/- 1,24 se obtuvieron.

Prostatic cystadenoma: a case report and review of the literature / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathological characteristics of prostatic cystadenoma (PC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample from surgically removed tissues of a PC patient was examined by conventional pathology and immunohistochemistry. The clinical data and clinicopathological features were analyzed, and the related literature reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient was a male aged 55 years, treated by TUVP for dysuria a year before. The tumor was a grey mass, with lots of different sized capsular spaces full of clear white liquid in the cross section. Histologically, the tumor cells were arranged in a sieve-like, microcapsule-shaped or adenoid pattern, lined with cuboidal and columnar epithelial cells, the nuclei located in the base with neither cellular atypia nor mitosis. Concerning the immunophenotype, PSA, PAP and CK7 were positively expressed in the columnar epithelial cells and 34betaE12 in the basal cells, while CK20, P504S, CEA and villin were negatively expressed, with Ki67 + < 2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prostatic cystadenoma is a rare benign tumor originating in the prostate, with a unique morphological structure, and mostly with the expressions of PSA and PAP.</p>